This was the rather provocative title of a recent news
article discussing the state of sanitation in the second of my worlds. An
official from the Health Ministry is quoted as saying that as of 2010 some 42
million people in the country still defecated in the open. But this was down
from 71 million in 2007 so they have made phenomenal progress in three short
years (if the statistics are accurate).
Since people from the first of my worlds probably find that
amazing and wonder what people do, let me hasten to explain that it is a
timeless tradition in the tropics around the globe to use local streams,
rivers, rice paddies, ditches or just a spot in the nearest banana patch or
woods. It usually rains a
lot and washes it all away, plus the strong tropical sun dries (and rots) things
quickly. And where dogs and/or pigs run loose, well, they also help with, uh,
waste disposal. Friends tell me of having to take a stick with them to keep the
pigs away until they finished doing their “business”. People living by the sea just wade out a ways and go and the waves and tide will wash it away. The problem of course is that as the population grows, so does one's risk of catching a waterborn disease!
Even in the Mega City you can still sometimes see people
using ditches and canals, especially children. Of course in big cities it’s
easy to build a toilet without a septic tank, especially if you live along a
main road with drainage canals beside them. You just run the “out” pipe into
said ditch or even build a little hut over the ditch. Some people still use
chamber pots or plastic bags and go empty them into the ditch after dark.
|
This is the goal |
The article discusses that one of the biggest problems is
changing people’s mindsets. Even if the government or some other agency builds
them a toilet, some people will still not use it. When I first went to live
among the No people many years ago there had already been a sanitation project where
two squat-toilets with bathing area had been built for every 4 families,
complete with concrete septic tank. The project
also put in wells with hand pumps near each toilet building. People
liked having the wells but few of the toilets were actually being used. They
said the problem was water. Since you can't put in a well too near the septic tank or you may get contamination, they had to carry the water to flush the toilet. Not
only that, they didn’t like keeping it clean (they said neighbor kids would use
it and not flush and leave it a mess.) It was easier for them to do what they
had always done – use the roadside irrigation ditch or an irrigation ditch out
in the field. They felt it was “cleaner”.
Slowly over the next two decades though, most families in that No village did build a toilet in or next to their homes and nearly all now have their own well. In
fact most have installed small electric pumps so they can more easily fill
their concrete water tanks in the bathroom making it easy to bathe and flush toilets.
Gone are the days of hiking a kilometer to the river with a dozen empty coconut
shells to get drinking water! But even so, there are still a few die hard families
who can’t be bothered to build a toilet and to this day, 2012, continue defecating outside in a ditch.
Unfortunately, even with toilets, many people still allow small children to relieve
themselves anywhere. And there are always a few people who aren’t on the ball cleaning
up the kids’ messes so you still do sometimes need to watch where you step.
In the article, a junior high boy was quoted as saying he’d
rather have a satellite dish (for TV) than to have a toilet. That is not at all
an uncommon attitude. I have been in many rural homes which have a TV, a
motorcycle or two, sometimes even a satellite dish and a refrigerator, but not
a toilet. The problem isn’t money, it’s a mind set.